Abdukadyr Urazbekov ( ky, Абдыкадыр Орозбеков; 1889 Ohna,

Fergana Oblast The Fergana Oblast (russian: Ферганская область; uz, Fargʻona viloyati) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day Fergana Valley. It was created in 1876 when the territories o ...

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

– November 1938

Tash-Döbö Tash-Döbö ( ky, Таш-Дөбө, formerly: Воронцовка ''Vorontsovka''Soviet military maK-43(1:1,000,000)) is a village in Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. It is part of the Alamüdün District Alamüdün ( ky, Аламүдүн район� ...

, Chüy Region, KSSR,

USSR The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...

) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz ASSR (1927–1937) and the first Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1937).

Biography

Abdukadyr Urazbekov was born into a poor Kyrgyz family on 1889, in Ohna village (today's Kadamjai district, Batken region of the

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan,, pronounced or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the ea ...

)

. He is the son of a poor farmer who died shortly after the birth of Abdukadyr. In 1907-1916, he worked as a baker and took part in the "Andijan uprising" against conscription into the tsarist army. In January 1917 he was arrested for organizing a bakers' strike. In August 1918 he joined the

Communist Party A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...

. In the same year he became a member of the Board of the Ferghana Union of Craftsmen, Workers and Employees, in 1918-1919 he was elected a member of the Fergana Regional Council and the Margelan District Executive Committee. Abdukadyr Urazbekov participated in the labor movement of

Turkestan Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan ( fa, ترکستان, Torkestân, lit=Land of the Turks), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang. Overview Known as Turan to the Persians, western Turk ...

. He fought for the establishment and strengthening of Soviet power in Kyrgyzstan. In 1919-1920 he served as a private in the headquarters of the Red Guard of Ferghana. Abdukadyr Urazbekov participated in the

Russian civil war {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Russian Civil War , partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I , image = , caption = Clockwise from top left: {{flatlist, *Soldiers ...

and was an organizer and commander the fight from the Basmachi movement. In 1920-1923, he managed the revolutionary committees of the village, bolus, and district. In 1924-1925, he was the head and secretary of the land department of the Osh District Workers' Council. He was a delegate to the organizing congress of the Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies' Council of the Tooluu Kara Kyrgyz Region, where he was elected as the chairman of the Tooluu Kara Kyrgyz Regional AK (Executive Committee). In 1927-1937, he was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz ASSR. In 1937, he was the first Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. Abdukadyr Urazbekov was executed during the

Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Terror (russian: Большой террор), also known as the Year of '37 (russian: 37-й год, translit=Tridtsat sedmoi god, label=none) and the Yezhovshchina ('period of Yezhov'), was Soviet General Secret ...

in 1938.

Political life

Abdukadyr Urazbekov was one of the first Kyrgyz who replenished the army of hired workers in the conditions of the property stratification of the Kyrgyz Kyshtaks. He was one of the few Kyrgyz whose revolutionary consciousness was formed in an international proletarian environment. It was in it that he went from an ordinary participant in strikes to their organizer, initiator of the creation of a trade union of workers. Urazbekov began his prominent activity in the revolutionary movements of 1916 in the

Fergana Valley The Fergana Valley (; ; ) in Central Asia lies mainly in eastern Uzbekistan, but also extends into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. Divided into three republics of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse and in the ...

, when an uprising of a national liberation character took place, brutally suppressed by the tsarist authorities. The main reason for the unrest was the decree of the Russian emperor issued on June 25 on the so-called "requisition of foreigners" for rear work, which caused a sharp protest among the indigenous population of many regions of

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

. Later, in 1918-1920, served in the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

. At the beginning of 1918, A. Urazbekov joined the ranks of the Communist Party. Participated in the labor movement of

. Actively fought for the establishment and strengthening of Soviet power in Kyrgyzstan. During the Civil War, he went from an ordinary soldier to a detachment commander and commissar. In the 1920s, the Party sent him to work in the countryside. There he led and personally participated in military operations against the Basmachi bands - the armed counter-revolutionary nationalist movement of the feudal Bai bourgeoisie. In 1925 he was elected chairman of the Kara-Kyrgyz regional executive committee. In March 1927, A. Urazbekov became the Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz ASSR , and after the formation of the union republic in March 1937, he became the first Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic. In the 1930s, he headed the central commission for the development of a new Kyrgyz alphabet, headed the V. Lenin Foundation for helping homeless children. During his reign, the Kyrgyz and Russian drama theaters, many higher educational institutions, the Kyrgyz State Philharmonic were opened. It is he, according to historians, who can be called (according to the position he held) the first Kyrgyz president.

Honours

For the establishment of Soviet Power on the territory of the Ferghana Valley A. Urazbekov was awarded the "Golden Badge" of the Turkestan Republic in 1924. On May 3, 1932, Urazbekov Abdukadyr was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for the successes achieved in the development of the Republic. In 1936, he was awarded the

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

References

1889 births 1938 deaths People from Batken Region Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War Communist Party of Kirghizia politicians All-Russian Central Executive Committee members Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Great Purge victims from Kyrgyzstan Soviet rehabilitations {{USSR-politician-stub